05.09.2015
Google-Verfahren: Google bestreitet Missbrauchsvorwürfe der EU-Kommission
EU
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Blog: https://googlepolicyeurope.blogspot.de/2015/08/improving-quality-isnt-anti-competitive.html
Am 27. August 2015 hat Kent Walker, Googles Senior Vice President und General Counsel in einem Blog die Vorwürfe der EU-Kommission zurückgewiesen, die Ergebnisse bestimmter Suchvorgänge zu Gunsten von Google zu manipulieren. Die vorläufigen Schlussfolgerungen der EU seien "falsch, was die Tatsachen sowie die ökonomischen und rechtlichen Aspekte angeht". Walker sagte, Google habe am gleichen Tag der Kommission eine Stellungnahme zu den Beschwerdepunkten vorgelegt.
Hintergrund:
Die EU-Kommission hatte am 15. April 2015 in Sachen Preisvergleichsdienste ein förmliches Verfahren gegen Google eröffnet. Vorgeworfen wird Google, dass das Unternehmen seine marktbeherrschende Stellung auf den Märkten für allgemeine Internet-Suchdienste im Europäischen Wirtschaftsraum missbräuchlich ausnutzt, indem es seinen eigenen Preisvergleichsdienst auf seinen allgemeinen Suchergebnisseiten systematisch bevorzugt. Die Kommission geht von Marktanteilen Googles in Höhe von 90 Prozent % (jedenfalls in den meisten EWR-Ländern) bei der Bereitstellung allgemeiner Online-Suchdienste aus. Mit solchen Preisvergleichsdiensten können Verbraucher auf Websites für Online-Shopping nach Produkten suchen und die Preise der verschiedenen Anbieter vergleichen. Google bietet diese Dienste seit 2002 an. Die Kommission hat vor allem Bedenken, dass die Nutzer bei ihrer Suche nicht unbedingt die für sie relevantesten Ergebnisse zu sehen bekommen. Das würde den Verbrauchern und konkurrierenden Preisvergleichsdiensten schaden und Innovationen bremsen. Die von Google zuvor angebotenen Verpflichtungszusagen waren als nicht ausreichend angesehen worden. Die Beschwerdepunkte der Kommission betrafen nur das erste von vier Bedenken. Die anderen Bedenken werden weiter von der Kommission untersucht. Bei diesen geht es um Folgende: Kopieren von Webinhalten konkurrierender Unternehmen, Exklusivwerbung und übermäßige Beschränkungen für werbende Unternehmen.
Entgegnung von Google (im Blog):
Google (Walker) widerspricht der Kommission nun mit mehreren Argumenten. Das Verhalten Googles sei in keiner Weise missbräuchlich. Die Kommission habe nicht dargetan, dass Google Google Shopping im Verhältnis zu Konkurrenten bevorzuge. Anzeigen seien klar als solche gekennzeichnet; die Reihenfolge der Anzeigen würde durch spezialisierte Algorythmen ermittelt. Außerdem berücksichtige die Kommission nicht "die Wirkung von großen Einkaufsdiensten (online) wie Amazon oder Ebay". Die Suchmaschinenindustrie sei von Wettbewerb und Dynamik gezeichnet. Google habe in der letzten Dekade über 20 Milliarden kostenfreie „klicks“ zu Wettbewerbern wie Amazon oder Ebay ermöglicht. Die Feststellung in den Beschwerdepunkten seien sachlich und rechtlich wie ökonomisch nicht zu halten.
Auszug aus dem Blog (Zitat):
Google has always worked to improve its services, creating new ways to provide better answers and show more useful ads. We’ve taken seriously the concerns in the European Commission’s Statement of Objections (SO) that our innovations are anti-competitive. The response we filed today shows why we believe those allegations are incorrect, and why we believe that Google increases choice for European consumers and offers valuable opportunities for businesses of all sizes.
The SO says that Google’s displays of paid ads from merchants (and, previously, of specialized groups of organic search results) “diverted” traffic away from shopping services. But the SO doesn't back up that claim, doesn't counter the significant benefits to consumers and advertisers, and doesn't provide a clear legal theory to connect its claims with its proposed remedy.
Our response provides evidence and data to show why the SO’s concerns are unfounded. We use traffic analysis to rebut claims that our ad displays and specialized organic results harmed competition by preventing shopping aggregators from reaching consumers. Economic data spanning more than a decade, an array of documents, and statements from complainants all confirm that product search is robustly competitive. And we show why the SO is incorrect in failing to consider the impact of major shopping services like Amazon and eBay, who are the largest players in this space.
The universe of shopping services has seen an enormous increase in traffic from Google, diverse new players, new investments, and expanding consumer choice. Google delivered more than 20 billion free clicks to aggregators over the last decade in the countries covered by the SO, with free traffic increasing by 227% (and total traffic increasing even more).
Moreover, the ways people search for, compare, and buy products are rapidly evolving. Users on desktop and mobile devices often want to go straight to trusted merchants who have established an online presence. These kinds of developments reflect a dynamic and competitive industry, where companies are continuing to evolve their business models and online and offline markets are converging.
But our central point is our consistent commitment to quality -- the relevance and usefulness of our search results and the ads we display. In providing results for people interested in shopping, we knew we needed to go beyond the old-fashioned “10 blue links” model to keep up with our competitors and better serve our users and advertisers. We developed new ways to organize and rank product information and to present it to users in useful formats in search and ads. In 2012, as part of that effort, in addition to our traditional ads, we introduced the Google Shopping Unit as a new ad format: [format being shown]
We don’t think this format is anti-competitive. On the contrary, showing ads based on structured data provided by merchants demonstrably improves ad quality and makes it easier for consumers to find what they’re looking for. We show these ad groups where we’ve always shown ads -- to the right and at the top of organic results -- and we use specialized algorithms to maximize their relevance for users. Data from users and advertisers confirms they like these formats. That’s not “favoring” -- that’s giving our customers and advertisers what they find most useful.
The SO also seeks a peculiar and problematic remedy, requiring that Google show ads sourced and ranked by other companies within our advertising space. We show in our response that this would harm the quality and relevance our results. And, in a report submitted with our response, former President of the General Court Bo Vesterdorf outlines why such an obligation could be legally justified only where a company has a duty to supply its own rivals – as where it controls an input that is both essential and not available anywhere else (like gas or electricity). Given the many ways to reach consumers on the Internet, the SO doesn't argue that standard applies here.
Our search engine is designed to provide the most relevant results and most useful ads for any query. Users and advertisers benefit when we do this well. So does Google. It’s in our interest to provide high-quality results and ads that connect people to what they’re looking for. The more relevant the ads -- the better they perform in connecting potential buyers and sellers -- the more value they generate for everyone.
Throughout the almost 17 years since Google started, our engineers have been developing innovative approaches to search and ads that are valuable for both users and advertisers. In the video below you can hear from our engineers about how our services have evolved to give people better results and ads. We are proud of their work and eager to tell their story. (…)
We believe that the SO's preliminary conclusions are wrong as a matter of fact, law, and economics. We look forward to discussing our response and supporting evidence with the Commission, in the interest of promoting user choice and open competition.
Posted by Kent Walker, SVP & General Counsel